Land records at a glance

How to use this card. One row per record: what question it answers, who keeps it, where to obtain it, and the trap attached to it. “Where to get it” is the practical source as of August 2026; old manual records are certified-copied from the record rooms. When two records disagree, the notes column tells you which way the presumption usually leans — but the honest rule is that disagreement itself is the finding, and it goes into your note.

Record	What it answers	Who maintains	Where to get it	Notes / traps
Pahani (adangal)	Survey-number-wise: owner, possessor, extent, classification, crop, water source for the year	Tahsildar; village-level upkeep now with the GPO under the Bhu Bharati village accounts	Bhu Bharati portal / MeeSeva; old manual pahanis from the Tahsil or district record room	Year-specific — always cite the fasli year. 2020–25 pahanis were generated with no village functionary checking the ground; treat crop/possession columns of that era with care
1B Register	Owner-wise: all parcels aggregated under one khata — “what does this person hold?”	Tahsildar (RoR under the Bhu Bharati Act, s.4)	Bhu Bharati portal / MeeSeva	Carries the s.11 presumption of correctness until amended; read with the pahani — each catches the other’s errors
Sethwar	The original survey-settlement position: extent, classification, assessment as first fixed — the survey number’s “birth certificate”	Survey & Land Records; copies in Tahsil/Collectorate record rooms	Certified copy from the record room / AD Survey & Land Records	The anchor when extents drift across decades of copying — if today’s extent exceeds the sethwar’s, something was added without authority
Khasra pahani	The 1954–55 base position of every survey number — the starting point of the title chain in legacy disputes	Preserved in Tahsil and district record rooms	Certified copy from the record room	The document protected-tenancy and old-possession claims stand or fall on; verify against the original, not a party’s photocopy
Tippan	The surveyor’s field sketch of one survey number — shape, measurements, neighbours	Survey & Land Records	AD Survey & Land Records / mandal surveyor	The only record that can put a boundary on the ground; being superseded village-by-village as the digital re-survey (2,240 villages, ongoing) produces fresh maps
Village map	The whole village’s survey-number layout — how parcels sit against each other, roads, water bodies	Survey & Land Records	AD Survey & Land Records; copies in the Tahsil office	Read the tippan inside the village map — an encroachment on poramboke shows here first
Faisal patti	The village’s final settled land-revenue demand for the year, fixed at jamabandi	Tahsildar / village accounts	Tahsil office record room	Historical corroboration of who paid revenue on what — useful in possession disputes precisely because it was written for money, not for title
Village accounts	The village-level ledger of RoR changes, revived by Bhu Bharati s.13 after the 2020 abolition	GPO (where posted) / Tahsildar	Tahsil office; being rebuilt village-by-village	New and thin — a missing entry proves little yet; the electronic RoR remains the operative record
Pattadar passbook	The holder’s title-book — under s.10 of the Bhu Bharati Act its certified copy carries the evidentiary value of a registered document	Issued by the Tahsildar off the RoR	Bhu Bharati portal (issue/re-issue applications)	From a notified date must contain the survey map. Banks record loan charges electronically and cannot retain the physical book; a “bank has my passbook” story is a flag, not a norm
Encumbrance Certificate (EC)	Registered transactions on a property over a period — sales, mortgages, charges	Sub-Registrar (Registration & Stamps Dept)	Registration portal / MeeSeva / Sub-Registrar’s office	Shows only registered dealings — sada bainama sales and unregistered mortgages are invisible to it
Bhudhaar	The parcel’s unique geo-referenced ID under s.9 of the Bhu Bharati Act	Bhu Bharati system	Bhu Bharati portal (Bhudhaar card)	Temporary numbers now; permanent only after re-survey. Grievances about it go to the RDO within 60 days under s.15
Part-B status	Whether the parcel is parked outside the main RoR as disputed/unclear (a Dharani legacy, ~18 lakh acres)	Bhu Bharati system	Portal search / Tahsil office	A Part-B parcel cannot be mutated until cleared through the correction modules — RDO below ₹5 lakh value, Collector above; check this before processing anything
Prohibited list (POB) entry	Whether registration on the parcel is blocked (government/assigned/endowment/wakf colour)	Bhu Bharati / Registration system	Portal prohibited-lands search	Patta lands wrongly tagged POB are a standard Dharani-era error; removal lies through the correction machinery, not a Tahsildar’s discretion

Two habits worth keeping: read the pahani and 1B together (each catches errors in the other), and in any legacy dispute trace the chain khasra pahani → sethwar → successive pahanis → current RoR before forming a view.

Traps

• A record is evidence of what it was written to record — the faisal patti proves revenue payment, the EC proves registration, the pahani’s crop column proves an entry was made, not that the crop stood. Match the record to the question.
• The Dharani migration copied errors wholesale (wrong extents, wrong names, wrong POB tags) — a clean portal screen as of today can still be a 2020 mistake wearing new clothes; the s.4 rectification window reportedly closed 13-04-2026, so late corrections route through appeals or the correction modules.
• Certified copies, always. Parties litigate on photocopies with helpful alterations; your note cites the record-room copy or the portal extract, nothing else.
• The re-survey is rewriting the map layer. In re-surveyed villages the new map and permanent Bhudhaar govern; in the rest, the old tippan does. Know which kind of village you are standing in before you argue a boundary.